로딩 중...
영어학습소
영어학습소
홈
테디잉글리시
수능
Shadowing
재생 속도
0.5x
0.75x
1x
1.25x
1.5x
시작 지점을 클릭하세요
0:00
I'm Johnny Mendez, former CIA officer and a founding board member of the International Spy Museum.
0:04
I'm here to answer some questions from Twitter.
0:06
This is Spy Support.
0:13
At spicy lime 415 asks, "Do spies have anxiety?"
0:17
I think all spies have anxiety.
0:20
You want to make sure you're not setting someone up for a situation because you forgot a detail.
0:25
When the anxiety really kicks in, though, is when one of your people is incarcerated, is arrested in Moscow.
0:32
I felt anxiety all the time.
0:35
Moscow I thought was kind of scary in 1985.
0:38
10 of our Russian assets were arrested and executed.
0:42
10 of them in the summer.
0:46
That kind of anxiety is built into the job.
0:49
There's nothing you can do about it except when you're working, make sure that you absolutely respect the protocols that we have to go through and the level of detail that's required to carry off an operation.
1:13
At Rosemary Chalet 1 asks, "What are CIA handlers?"
1:13
What you're calling CIA handlers, I'm calling CIA case officers.
1:13
They get the requirement from the government, "We want to know about a nuclear program in this country A."
1:13
They go to Country A.
1:13
They go looking for people who know the information about Country A.
1:13
Once they meet them, they try and recruit them to work for us, and then we get the information back to our policymakers.
1:13
Cut and dry.
1:13
At IMK Johnston, "Has anyone seen the movie Argo?"
1:13
"Just about to watch it."
1:13
The story in the movie Argo is really a great demonstration of the kinds of things that CIA may find itself involved in, a rescue of six perfectly innocent American diplomats.
1:13
Didn't have anything to do with espionage, except that the rescuer happened to be a spy, my husband, Tony Mendez.
1:13
They used Hollywood as a cover in that instance.
1:13
The cover organization in L.A. to cover the operation.
1:13
If anybody called that office and said, "Do these people work there?"
1:13
The answer would be yes.
1:13
Six people being rescued were schooled in their cover stories over a period of three days, issued every piece of paper with their new name on it, and they were whisked out of a very, very dangerous situation.
2:14
Ben Affleck pretending to be my husband, that was interesting.
2:19
At S. Holton RVT asks, "Did you know there's a CIA position titled Chief of Disguise?"
2:27
"How freaking cool is that person?"
2:29
I was Chief of Disguise for two years.
2:32
I was Deputy Chief of Disguise before that.
2:34
Chief of Disguise has a worldwide staff.
2:36
We always have in the back of our minds this memo that the person, the foreigner, is going to take back to his office and say, "Oh, I met with this American," and everything in his description of the American that he met is going to be wrong.
2:48
From the hair color, length, is it curly or not, color of eyes, it's going to be wrong.
2:54
Does he wear glasses? It's going to be wrong.
2:55
Does he smoke? Is he married? Does he have a gold chain around his neck?
2:58
All of that is wrong.
3:01
It's a disguise and it keeps our officer safe.
3:03
At Pybry Pro asks, "CIA, MI6 and KGB, FSB, how do they develop soft skills like situational awareness, social engineering, blending in, and creating believable cover stories?"
3:17
"What combat training do they receive?"
3:19
CIA had a paramilitary capability and decided to more or less step away from it after 9/11.
3:30
CIA stepped back up to paramilitary and has embraced it.
3:30
I know they do train in some of the harder skills, in shooting, in driving, and being in hostile situations.
3:30
We have a facility where we train people, it's called The Farm.
3:30
A lot of people have heard of it.
3:30
The Farm is located south of Washington D.C.
3:30
They actually put on diplomatic events at The Farm and you are an attendee all dressed up, and there's someone in that room who has information that you're looking for, and part of the training is to see if you can narrow it down to that person by just having conversations.
4:02
At Sigma Theory asks, "What makes a good spy?"
4:06
What we're recruiting for when we're looking for spies, and we're talking about case officers here, is a charismatic, intelligent, well-educated, well-traveled guy mostly, but it's more and more women.
4:19
Someone you'd meet somewhere and you'd instantly want to be their friend.
4:28
There are people like this around the world.
4:28
Our job is to find them because we cannot teach them that.
4:28
We can teach them everything else they need to know once we get them on board, but that charisma, they have to bring it in the door with them.
4:28
At Mary Marciniak asks, "No signs of me being followed, me, am I being followed?"
4:42
Seeing someone who looks suspicious once is not such a big deal.
4:48
If you see that person again, that's interesting, that's a coincidence, but the third time is starting to approach confirmation that that person is sticking with you for whatever reason.
5:00
There are lots of ways around it.
5:00
We would go into a place and go out another door.
5:00
We would go into a place and come out like different.
5:00
We would go into a place and someone looking just like us would come out.
5:00
Next question.
5:00
You know the whole spy thing is cyanide in a fake tooth where they bite down and poison themselves.
5:00
How often do you think those go off accidentally, like someone is just enjoying a nice hard candy and then, "Oops, dead?"
5:00
In my 27 years, I only knew of two instances where we gave out cyanide, and I knew where they were because the steel box containing it was in my safe.
5:00
The Russians floated stories around that if they caught their people spying for America, they would feed them feet first into a crematorium alive.
5:00
Most people in Russia that spied for us had that in the back of their minds and they thought they'd rather take the cyanide themselves than take the chance that the Russians meant that and would do it.
5:00
It was very effective.
5:50
We didn't hand it out like it was candy.
5:53
It wasn't candy, it was lethal, and I do know that cyanide really, really works.
5:57
At Ginny X asks, "Does anyone know of a good small spy camera?"
6:00
I was a photographer when I first joined the CIA.
6:05
That was my gig and this camera was part of my account, this pin camera.
6:12
The camera, in the end, inside of the camera is a film cassette and inside of the cassette is a little piece of film.
6:20
It's about 13 inches long.
6:25
It would have 100 black dots on it after you develop it, and each black dot would be an 8 1/2 by 11 page of information where the paperwork is lying from his last meeting.
6:33
We only gave these pins to people that could get right up to the person who was making the policy we were after.
6:39
You had to hold it at a certain distance, you can take the picture.
6:43
This is a KGB lighter.
6:43
They were actually technically very, very good, so I can't disparage it, but if it was a CIA lighter, it would actually light.
6:54
At underscore Reese asked, "Do spies get paid a lot of money like people who spy on other countries?"
6:56
And the answer at underscore Reese is no, they don't.
7:01
They pay us flat government salaries just like anybody else.
7:02
You work at GSA, you work at IRS, wherever you work in the government, we're on the same pay scale as them.
7:09
Now, the assets that are working for us, the foreigners who are providing us with the intelligence that we need, depending on the value of the intelligence, they can make big amounts of money.
7:20
There's a man in this museum, Adolf Tolkachev.
7:26
He's called The Billion Dollar Spy because of the intelligence that he gave to the Pentagon.
7:26
While we didn't pay him a billion dollars, the Pentagon said his intelligence was worth a billion dollars.
7:26
Adolf Tolkachev made a lot of money, except that he got caught and then they executed him, so I don't think he had time to spend it.
7:38
At taku underscore zero underscore zero, he says, "It's crazy how the CIA has three levels of disguise, like it sounds fun to go to level three to like your high school reunion."
7:51
I basically break disguise down into two levels.
7:53
You have regular disguise and you have advanced disguise.
7:58
Regular disguise is what you think it is, it's mustaches and wigs and all the accoutrement that you can put on to change the way you look.
8:05
Advanced disguise takes it way up to another level where you're talking about wearing masks.
8:11
We would actually like prostheses.
8:13
This is a sample of a mold of a nose.
8:15
We're going to change a nose on a face using one of these.
8:17
We could change your teeth if we thought it would make a big difference.
8:22
We can change almost anything.
8:23
At Will Fight for You, "How many CIA assets and spec ops units do you think the U.S. has on the ground in Ukraine right now?"
8:32
My answer would be uninformed, but a pretty confident, many.
8:47
At Aaron Jack 24 says, "I want to see one of these five second masks in real life."
8:47
It was a breakthrough once we could make those masks.
8:51
We could do a lot of new things that we'd never been able to before.
8:55
We could make your face and put it on someone else.
9:02
We have one here in the museum, it's a mask that I wore in the White House to brief the President of the United States.
9:00
It's very effective.
9:06
The design goal was, "Put it on in a car without a mirror in the dark."
9:08
You'd know, "Okay, that's it, it's on."
9:10
Pat the hair down, get out of the car, and if you ran into trouble, you could literally pull it off in three seconds, crumple it down, put it under your arm, and walk down the street.
9:23
At Head Funny asks, "Real life spies are never attractive, are they?"
9:27
It would be detrimental to the job.
9:29
Our model of the little gray man, which is a model we actually used all the time, the idea was we wanted you to be so unnoticeable that people wouldn't even remember if you had gotten on and off of their elevator.
9:41
We don't want you to attract attention.
9:45
The CIA doesn't use seduction as a tool.
9:48
I have to say on the other hand that the Russians do and they have in the past.
9:52
The East Germans used male swallows.
9:55
They used good-looking men to go into West Germany and recruit the secretaries of the heads of state.
9:59
They did that successfully.
10:02
At CIA, it's actually a firing offense if you sleep with your foreign asset.
10:07
At Jane Gallagher asks, "What did microdots used to do?"
10:16
Microdots were a way of communicating with a foreign agent, a very, very secure way of doing it.
10:16
They may well be doing it today.
10:18
It looks old school, but the security trumps everything else.
10:27
A microdot is a page, a normal page of text, 8 1/2 by 11, reduced down 400 times, and what you get at the end of that reduction is a dot, a tiny black spot.
10:38
There are two of them on the back of this stamp.
10:40
He'd pull his little tiny lens out of wherever he had it stored, looked like a grain of rice.
10:45
He'd put it in the hole in the card, get some spit, pick up the dot, put it on the end of the thing, and hold it up to a light and he could read an 8 1/2 by 11 page text.
11:00
It was a very, very secure way of communicating with an agent.
11:00
At Jerry Rasanen asks, "Aren't all diplomats spies by definition?"
11:00
All diplomats, Jerry, in answer to your question, are not necessarily spies, but some spies can be considered to be diplomats for cover purposes.
11:00
Diplomatic privileges keep you safe.
11:00
They keep you out of trouble.
11:00
They get you out of a country when things fall apart.
11:00
You are somewhat untouchable when you have diplomatic cover.
11:00
That's a very useful thing to have.
11:00
State Department doesn't like our using diplomatic cover because for every one of us using their cover, they have one less actual diplomat.
11:00
There's a tension there.
11:00
At Lawn C. Zhu, "Learn when to abort a mission."
11:00
In a book that Tony Mendez and I wrote called The Moscow Rules, one of the Moscow Rules is to listen to your gut always.
11:00
If you're on your way to do anything and it doesn't feel right, abort the mission.
11:00
And at CIA overseas in the station, the chief of station always knows there's no shame in coming back and saying, "I can't even explain it, it didn't feel right, I aborted the mission, we'll reschedule, we'll do it again."
11:00
It was one of our rules.
12:11
At Steven to the Mask asks, "I'm very interested in whether or not American spies do have real families and real friends, or is everything in their lives a lie?"
12:21
You have a choice to make when you are undercover at CIA whether to tell your family or not.
12:28
I think most people do tell their family because it's hard to do a lot of what we do without a supportive family.
12:34
It's your friends that have become the issue.
12:37
Most of us, almost all of us, have to live our cover with our friends, and this creates a tension over time that different people treat different ways.
12:53
But a lot of people that I know at CIA slowly let go of those outside friendships, and we replace them with inside friendships, people who know where you work, and then they know you can't really talk about it either, but they understand.
12:53
At Mid Dyson asks, "Watching Killing Eve makes me wonder how do spies pay for stuff?"
12:53
"Are they issued credit cards for their fake identities?"
12:53
"Do they just carry suspicious amounts of cash?"
12:53
We do not carry suspicious amounts of cash if we can help it.
12:53
If one of our CIA officers undercover was picked up overseas and his billfold was confiscated, everything in that billfold would probably be fake from a driver's license to a credit card, and it would be in his cover name, not in his true name.
12:53
If it's on paper or plastic, we can make it officially for government use in the CIA, we can and we do.
13:40
At Drew T. Mitch asks, "Do spies get acting lessons?"
13:45
"Do Yale School of Drama professors adjunct at the CIA?"
13:50
We don't get acting lessons.
13:50
So at CIA, when we give somebody a disguise for the first time, "Do you like it?"
13:55
They always say, "Oh, it's great, I love it, yeah, it feels good."
13:58
And then we say, "Good, go to lunch in the cafeteria where everybody you know is having lunch in the cafeteria."
14:03
"You wear it to the cafeteria, then come back and see us."
14:05
And they walk out the door kind of sheepish and they come back usually just amazed.
14:09
They walked right by their boss, he didn't know.
14:13
He sat next to the guys he works with, they didn't know.
14:15
He was then we think, "Okay, we did good, now he'll wear it if he needs it."
14:19
With the disguise, you come up with a character that you are when you are in that disguise, complete with the clothing that you wear, the shoes that you wear, do you smoke?
14:26
All of this, you invent a character that doesn't exist and you become that character when you're wearing the disguise.
14:32
At I am Sergio Grant asks, "How do spies get recruited?"
14:37
We run ads in a lot of media.
14:39
We come to college campuses for job fairs and we set up tables and talk to anybody who walks up to us, knowing that a lot of the people walk up to us really just to see what we look like.
14:53
My husband, Tony Mendez, initially replied to an advertisement in a newspaper that said, "Wanted to work overseas for the U.S. Navy," because they didn't want to say in the newspaper back then that it was CIA.
14:59
Go to cia.gov and you can apply online.
15:09
At Maximum underscore Q, "What is a double agent?"
15:06
A double agent is an agent pretending to spy for one country while he's actually acting on behalf of another.
15:16
When we bring new agents on board at CIA, there's a whole process of validating that person.
15:21
That processing and that bringing an agent on board is all about making sure that they're not double agents.
15:33
And then CIA's most famous double agent at this point, I guess, was Aldrich Ames, who was a CIA officer but he was actually reporting to the Russians over years, and that's where the 10 Russians that were executed in Moscow at 85.
15:42
Those were names that he gave to the Russians.
15:46
"These are the names of your colleagues who are reporting to the CIA," and they killed them.
15:55
At Nacha Regular, "I want to learn how to do dead drops so bad, but I'm scared."
15:55
Your goal with a dead drop is to transmit information to an agent that you cannot meet face to face.
15:55
So if we had to transmit something, whether it was money or medicine for his kid, we would give it to him in a dead drop.
15:55
A dead drop is something you're going to leave by the side of the road or by a telephone pole or by a construction site or wherever you two decide, and he's going to pick it up at a later date.
16:19
There are a number of dead drops here on display at the museum, everything from Aldrich Ames's mailbox.
16:27
There is a dead rat.
16:27
I made a dead drop once that was so wonderful, it was a Potomac River Rock that would hold a lot of stuff.
16:27
The only dead drop I ever knew that we gave a name to, we called it Rock Hudson.
16:27
At Maddie and McKay asks, "Do spies have to go up a pant size to inconspicuously store guns on their backs?"
16:49
We don't normally carry guns on our backs.
16:53
In fact, we don't normally carry guns at all.
16:53
But if we did, they would be small and they would be inconspicuous.
16:53
At Magnify K asks, "In a world of drones and satellites, why use a spy balloon?"
16:53
They are easier to control.
16:53
They fly lower.
17:01
They're carried by the wind.
17:04
They also have a lot of built-in deniability and the images that they take are surprisingly good.
17:09
They're often better than the images taken by our satellites.
17:13
The problem is that they're so easy to shoot down.
17:16
The most recent episode with the Chinese shows that this is not the way to go if you're traveling across U.S. airspace.
17:24
At KT0213, "Do spies get to choose their own code names?"
17:31
No, they do not.
17:31
They assign you a code name.
17:33
It's a first name, a middle name, a last name.
17:35
It's always all in caps when we communicate around the world about a particular employee, a particular person, that's the pseudonym for the person we're talking about.
17:44
It follows you for your career.
17:44
So those are all the questions we have for today.
17:44
Thanks for watching by support.